Sapphire is a well- known material for optical parts with such special requirements as:-high temperature optics-UV and IR radiation - proof opticsSapphire is suitable material for these application due to :-high transparency-high melting temperature (2050 C)-high resistance to radiation- excellenet resistance to acids and alkaliSapphire is one of the most usable material in the form of the ruby and titanium doped sapphire.Sapphire is an unique material for semiconductor substrate in- radiation - resistant chips for space and nuclear power plant- new high speed memory chips and high frequency chips(silicon - on - sapphire chips)Sapphire is a main substrate material for light emitting diodes (LEDs) and solid state lighting (SSL) ***** most promising areas for high energy LEDs and SSLs are:-signaling devices-trafic lights-automobile lightingWildly spread using of sapphire in these areas is due to:- excellent transperancy- crystal lattice match with gallium nitride (Gan) - basic material for LED and SSL
